Quarterly Energy Prices: March 2026

Quarterly statistical publication containing tables, charts and commentary covering energy prices to domestic and industrial consumers for all the major fuels, as well as presenting comparisons of fuel prices in the EU and G7 countries. Annexes A to D are now included in the main publication. We no longer publish a separate copy of the combined tables: we have included links to the QEP tables from the main document. If you have questions about this content, please email: energyprices.stats@energysecurity.gov.uk Statistical Release 31 March 2026 1 About this release Information on average prices paid for energy in the United Kingdom and related energy market statistics. In this release Introduction 2 Domestic 4 Non-domestic 13 Oil and petroleum 16 International 20 Timetable and data 21 Technical information 23 Related publications 24 Further information 26 Data tables Additional data are available online as part of the Energy Prices series: Domestic Non-domestic International comparisons Road fuel This publication is based on data from several sources, including surveys of energy suppliers. New data are incorporated in line with the revisions policy. Average domestic UK energy bills in 2025 (based on the average energy consumption levels used in this release) are estimated to be £1,904 for standard electricity and gas combined. In current price terms, this is a £25 decrease compared to 2024. The average standard electricity bill is estimated to be £1,069 in 2025, a small decrease of 1.3% or £14 from 2024. The average estimated gas bill is £834, a decrease of 1.3% or £12 from 2024. Average consumption values in this release are 3,400 kWh a year for electricity and 11,200 kWh a year for gas. Additionally, these figures incorporate the Energy Price Guarantee but do not reflect payments made through the Energy Bills Support Scheme or other support schemes such as the Warm Home Discount. More information on the revisions indicated in this chart, please see page 4. The proportion of domestic customers on fixed tariffs has increased in the year to December 2025, with 38% of households on a fixed tariff for electricity and 40% for gas. The average domestic energy bill for both fuels on a fixed tariff saw a 1.8% decrease in 2025 compared to 2024, whilst the equivalent for variable tariffs remained broadly unchanged (0.2% increase). Electricity prices for consumers in the manufacturing industry have seen a decrease of 7.9% between quarter 4 2024 and the same period in 2025, to an average price of 16.8 pence per kWh. The average price paid for gas in the same sector for this period has decreased by 11.6% to 3.5 pence per kWh. Road fuel prices: the mid-month average retail price of petrol for March 2026 was 140.5 pence per litre and average retail diesel price was 158.9 pence per litre, increases of 2.1% and 9.6% respectively compared to prices in mid-March 2025. Quarterly Energy Prices UK October to December 2025 and annual data for 2025 2 Introduction The Quarterly Energy Prices (QEP) publication and the associated tables provide information on prices paid for energy and fuels in the United Kingdom and other related energy market statistics. Information is presented for both the domestic market (which are the prices paid by households for their energy and fuels) and the non-domestic sector. This issue of the Quarterly Energy Prices release provides data for the fourth quarter of the 2025 calendar year (October to December) and, in some series, monthly data, yearly data and revisions k w h ‘ ’ to previous quarters’ . This issue also presents final estimates for annual domestic energy bills for the 2025 calendar year based on data for all four quarters of 2025 and hence revisions for October to December 2025. Quarterly updates include data on the retail price of fuels for the domestic sector, customer account transfer statistics and proportions of customers and what types of contracts they are on. It contains updates on non-domestic energy prices, including prices paid by energy generators. Additionally, there are updates on the prices of petroleum products (both domestically and internationally) and comparisons between gas and electricity prices in the UK with the European Union. Please note: Wh ‘quarter’ f h qu h x f calendar year (3 h ‘Qu 4’ f October to 31 December unless otherwise stated. The underlying data series associated with this release are available here: Domestic energy prices gov.uk/government/collections/domestic-energy-prices Industrial energy prices gov.uk/government/collections/industrial-energy-prices International price comparisons gov.uk/government/collections/international-energy-price-comparisons Oil and petroleum product prices gov.uk/government/collections/road-fuel-and-other-petroleum-product-prices Weekly petroleum prices are also available, published as part of the weekly fuel prices series. More information on the frequency and specific content of these tables can be found in the timetable and data tables section. omestic market metrics presented include the consumer price index for fuels used in households, average gas electricity bills for UK households, information on how customers pay for their electricity and statistics on competition in the market. Domestic market metrics presented include the consumer price index for fuels used in households (based on Office for National Statistics data), average gas & electricity bills for UK households, information on how customers pay for their electricity and statistics on competition in the market. ata a e p ese ted o t e o do est c secto (a yt g t at s ot a ouse o d) a d subcatego es t t s popu at o t out es p ces pa d o ue s t e dust a secto , by a u actu g co pa es t t s secto a d by e ect c ty ge e at g co pa es ( ajo po e p oduce s) Data are presented on the non-domestic sector (any user of energy that is not a household) and subcategories within this population. Prices paid for fuels in the industrial sector, by manufacturing companies within this sector and by electricity generating companies (major power producers) are outlined in this section. The publication also provides a summary of national information on prices for oil and petroleum products. Additionally, road fuels are collated and published online both on a weekly and monthly basis here. The publication also provides a summary of national information on prices for oil and petroleum products. Additionally, road fuels are collated and published online both on a weekly and monthly basis at this webpage. International data are also collated and presented in the publication to provide comparisons in prices with the European Union (EU) member states and other members of the International Energy Association (IEA). International data are also collated and presented in the publication to provide comparisons between prices paid in the UK with other countries. This includes comparisons with other members of the International Energy Association (IEA) and comparisons with European Union (EU) member states. 3 Changes in this edition of Quarterly Energy Prices Change to GDP deflator and base year in indices in Quarterly Energy Prices All tables within the Quarterly Energy Price series are presented in current price terms. For a number of tables, we additionally present prices and indices in real terms. In December 2025 Quarterly Energy Prices, we proposed to change our approach to our use of GDP deflators and the base year of our indexes, to be implemented from March 2026. As no concerns were raised, the planned approach has been implemented alongside this edition of Quarterly Energy Prices. The revised approach uses ONS’ seasonally adjusted GDP deflator from the GDP first quarterly estimate time series. We will no longer be rebasing the GDP deflator to 2010 prices and will be presenting real term prices in the same base year as this GDP deflator. At present, this is 2025. Whenever this is rebased by the ONS, this will be incorporated within the next release of Quarterly Energy Prices and associated tables when feasible to do so. This includes tables which are updated more regularly such as our monthly tables. Alongside this, we have rebased our indices within Quarterly Energy Prices to the same base year as the GDP deflator. Therefore, the base year used across all tables with Quarterly Energy Prices will remain consistent. Revisions to domestic bills estimates Domestic bills for calendar years 2023 and 2024 as well as financial years 2023/24 and 2024/25 have been revised as part of this release of Quarterly Energy Prices to correct two processing errors identified during quality assurance. This revision increased the 2024 estimate of domestic bills by 1.5% for standard electricity from £1,067 to £1,083 and for gas by 3.9% from £814 to £846. Both of these issues have been rectified, corrected in this revised data, and do not affect the estimates of 2025 domestic bills presented in this release. Clarification of geographical coverage of domestic bills Previous versions of Quarterly Energy Prices and associated tables have stated that our estimates of electricity bills are representative of the United Kingdom but that our estimates of gas bills are representative of Great Britain only. Whilst gas consumption in Northern Ireland is a relatively small proportion of UK domestic consumption (approximately 1%1), our sample data does include tariffs in Northern Ireland. Therefore, it is appropriate to view both the electricity and gas bills presented in Quarterly Energy Prices and the time series as covering the United Kingdom. 1 Calculated using domestic total consumption from Subnational gas consumption data for Great Britain and Northern Ireland gas consumption data. 4 Domestic market prices Households in the UK predominantly use electricity from the national grid as their main source of energy. Most households also use gas in their homes. Some households also use other fuels, such as heating oil for fuel-based generators or as alternatives to on-grid options. The domestic market prices section in this issue covers the estimated average domestic bills for the 2025 calendar year, quarterly market competition data from Ofgem (the energy market regulator), and consumer price index data from ONS (the Office for National Statistics). Customer proportions are also presented to illustrate which methods households used to pay for their energy, based on the same survey data as the estimated domestic bills. Retail Price of Fuels for the Domestic Sector Retail market price indices of fuels used in the domestic sector information are sourced from the Office for N ’ Consumer Price Index (CPI) data series. The full series is available at the ONS Consumer Price Inflation page. Chart 2.1: Real terms energy price indices in the domestic sector over the past 5 years, quarterly, UK Source: Office of National Statistics, Consumer Prices Index Data in real terms, adjusted for inflation using the GDP (market prices) deflator Reference and links to tables: Table 2.1.1 – 2.1.3: Consumer prices index: fuel components in the UK Chart 2.1 shows quarterly changes in the domestic sector price indices (in real terms) over the past 5 years. Real terms trends present changes in prices accounting for overall inflation. During periods of high inflation, this may lead to these trends being noticeably different than the observed changes in nominal prices. The price paid for electricity in quarter 4 2025 (in real terms and including VAT) increased by 2.0% when compared to the previous quarter. Between quarter 3 2025 and quarter 4 2025, the price for gas in real terms remained stable. Real terms prices for domestic fuels overall increased by 1.4% over the same time period. Comparing quarter 4 2025 with quarter 4 2024, prices paid for domestic fuels (in real terms and including VAT) decreased by 0.7%, with prices paid for electricity and gas decreasing by 0.4% and 1.0% respectively. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q fu qu fu fu 5 Prices for electricity and gas closely follow similar trends (see Chart 2.1) and, as they make up the majority of the weighting for domestic fuels, steer the trend in domestic fuels overall. Solid fuels in this release include coal and smokeless fuel. The prices presented are based on standard grade household coal and boiler grade smokeless fuel. Liquid fuels in this release comprises domestic kerosene and similar heating oils. Prices of liquid fuels are based on retail market prices and vary depending on the locations sold and are also prone to the effects of other factors such as demand, weather, material, and delivery costs. Additionally, prices for these fuels are not subject to the same level of regulation as the electricity and gas markets. Real term prices for liquid fuels increased by 7.0% between quarters 3 and 4 of 2025 and decreased by 1.8% since quarter 4 of 2024. Solid fuels price in real terms has increased by 1.5% since quarter 3 2025 and decreased by 3.1% compared to Q4 2024. Domestic electricity and gas bills Bills calculation The average annual domestic bills for 2025 in this release use data reported by suppliers for all four quarters of 2025 and are revised estimates of the figures published in the December issue, which used only the first three quarters of 2025 and an estimated fourth quarter. Household bills estimates in this release are based on quarterly snapshots of data provided by a sample of energy companies throughout the year. Bills data are presented (unless noted otherwise) with fixed annual consumption levels of: 3,400 kWh for standard electricity 4,800 kWh for economy 7 and other time of use electricity tariffs 11,200 kWh for gas This is to allow comparisons of price changes over time by keeping consumption values constant. Please note: these consumption levels differ from the Typical Domestic Consumption Values produced by Ofgem, wh h up f qu f u ’ median typical usage. Note that the actual consumption values underlying these fixed levels exclude estimated consumption of electricity for the use of home charging electric vehicles. For information on the derivation of these figures please see the domestic methodology page here. Actual average domestic consumption of both gas and electricity varies from year to year due to changes such as weather, consumer behaviour, and energy efficiency improvements. Bills based on multiple domestic consumption values are published in tables 2.2.5 and 2.3.5 (for electricity and gas respectively) and use annual consumption estimates from the UK Energy Trends publication. Price caps and government support Since January 2019, the energy market regulator Ofgem has enforced a price cap to ensure gas and electricity customers pay a fairer price for their energy and are protected against being overcharged. An earlier cap was introduced in April 2017 specifically for those who pay for their energy through a prepayment meter. The cap is set for a specific time period and applies to tariffs for all customers on standard variable tariffs (it does not apply to fixed term contracts), limiting the maximum energy bill (in yearly equivalent terms) for a household with typical consumption. The price cap varies by region and payment method. Although there was a price cap for October 2022 to June 2023, the Energy Price Guarantee (EPG) was implemented as temporary additional measure to protect consumers and meant that consumers paid less for their energy than they would have under this previously announced price cap. The EPG provided a threshold equivalent to £2,500 a year for a typical dual fuel household bill. Additionally, from October 2022 to March 2023, households received support through the Energy Bills Support Scheme (EBSS) where £400 of support was paid to households in six monthly payments of £66/67. Given this w “ - ” upp ffect the price paid, this is not reflected in our estimated bills. 6 When the price cap for July 2023 was announced as below the Energy Price Guarantee threshold for a typical dual fuel household bill (u Of ’ u p u p by direct debit), the Ofgem Price Cap came back into effect to limit the unit costs and standing charges by region. Table 1 Default tariff cap levels, Great Britain2 Period Covered Cap Level2 Cap Applied Cap In Effect Ofgem Typical Consumption Jan 2019 – Apr 2019 £1,137 £1,137 Price Cap 3,100 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Apr 2019 – Sep 2019 £1,254 £1,254 Price Cap 3,100 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Oct 2019 – Mar 2020 £1,179 £1,179 Price Cap 3,100 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Apr 2020 – Sep 2020 £1,162 £1,162 Price Cap 2,900 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Oct 2020 – Mar 2021 £1,042 £1,042 Price Cap 2,900 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Apr 2021 – Sep 2021 £1,138 £1,138 Price Cap 2,900 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Oct 2021 – Mar 2022 £1,277 £1,277 Price Cap 2,900 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Apr 2022 – Sep 2022 £1,971 £1,971 Price Cap 2,900 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Oct 2022 – Dec 2022 £3,549 £2,500 EPG 2,900 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Jan 2023 – Mar 2023 £4,279 £2,500 EPG 2,900 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Apr 2023 – Jun 2023 £3,280 £2,500 EPG 2,900 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Jul 2023 – Sep 2023 £2,074 £2,074 Price Cap 2,900 kWh elec. / 12,000 kWh gas Oct 2023 – Dec 2023 £1,834 £1,834 Price Cap 2,700 kWh elec. / 11,500 kWh gas Jan 2024 – Mar 2024 £1,928 £1,928 Price Cap 2,700 kWh elec. / 11,500 kWh gas Apr 2024 – Jun 2024 £1,690 £1,690 Price Cap 2,700 kWh elec. / 11,500 kWh gas Jul 2024 – Sep 2024 £1,568 £1,568 Price Cap 2,700 kWh elec. / 11,500 kWh gas Oct 2024 – Dec 2024 £1,717 £1,717 Price Cap 2,700 kWh elec. / 11,500 kWh gas Jan 2025 – Mar 2025 £1,738 £1,738 Price Cap 2,700 kWh elec. / 11,500 kWh gas Apr 2025 – Jun 2025 £1,849 £1,849 Price Cap 2,700 kWh elec. / 11,500 kWh gas Jul 2025 – Sep 2025 £1,720 £1,720 Price Cap 2,700 kWh elec. / 11,500 kWh gas Oct 2025 – Dec 2025 £1,755 £1,755 Price Cap 2,700 kWh elec. / 11,500 kWh gas Please note that the method we use to calculate average bills will produce average figures different to the cap. We take an average of prices provided to us from energy companies each quarter. As we request all active tariffs at that point in time, this includes fixed tariffs offered in previous years that could be charging more or less than new tariffs offered at the time of request. Furthermore, Ofgem standard energy consumption rates used to calculate cap levels (11,500 kWh for gas and 2,700kWh for electricity since October 2023) differ to the standard energy consumption rates used to calculate annual bills in this release (which are fixed at 11,200kWh for gas and 3,400kWh for electricity). The Ofgem price cap is also only applicable to Great Britain, whereas the estimates presented in this release are representative of the United Kingdom as they include Northern Ireland. The price cap levels in Table 1 above were announced by Ofgem prior to the start of each price cap period. Subsequent policy announcements such as those announced at the Autumn Budget in November 2025 will affect future levels of the price cap and as such do not affect the bills estimates presented in this release. 2 Based on a typical customer using typical consumptions for dual fuel and paying by direct debit. Note that the typical consumption varies over time. For further information, see https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/energy-price-caps/about-energy-price-caps. Price caps have been set quarterly since January 2023. 7 UK total average annual energy bill This section presents data based on the average consumption levels as outlined in the previous section (3,400 kWh for standard electricity, 11,200 kWh for gas) to be able to compare the prices. Actual household costs will vary by individual consumption. Table 2 – Average annual bills 2025 compared to 2024 2024 r 2025 Change % Change Standard Electricity £1,083 £1,069 -£14 -1.3% Gas £846 £834 -£12 -1.3% Combined £1,929 £1,904 -£25 -1.3% The average standard electricity bill decreased by 1.3% or £14 to £1,069 in 2025, for a household consuming 3,400kWh. The average gas bill decreased by 1.3% or £12 to £834 in 2025 for a household consuming 11,200kWh (in current prices terms). The combined average energy bill (summing standard electricity and gas) based on our standard energy consumption is estimated to be £1,9043 in 2025. In current prices terms, this was a decrease of 1.3% or £25 on 2024. The average energy bill remained broadly unchanged from 2024 to 2025; however, prices remain above those seen prior to the Russia–Ukraine conflict which impacted global energy markets. The effect of the Middle East conflict on energy prices does not fall within the data collection timeline of these bills. Chart 2.2: Average standard electricity and gas bills, fixed consumption (current prices) Reference and link to tables: Table 2.2.1: Average annual domestic electricity bills by payment type Table 2.3.1: Average annual domestic gas bills by payment type 3 11,200kWh for gas and 3,400kWh for electricity. This excludes EBSS, Warm Home Discount or other cost of living support payments. 8 Variations in household energy bills Household energy bills can vary from the total UK averages presented in this release for a variety of reasons. Th p u h h u h ’ u p , but also includes the region of the h u h h h u h ’ p p h h u h ’ ff. F x p p p vary by if the household is on a fixed or variable energy tariff. Tables 2.2.4 and 2.3.4 provide average unit prices and fixed costs (such as standing charge) for electricity and gas respectively. This can be used to calculate the average energy bill for any combination of region, payment type, and consumption level. The calculation is fixed costs + (unit price × consumption) = total cost For example: The average electricity unit price for households in the North East paying by Direct Debit was 0.244 £/kWh and the respective standing charge was £232.08 per year. For a household in this region paying by Direct Debit and consuming 3,000kWh a year of electricity the calculation for an average electricity bill would be as below: 232.08 + (0.244 x 3000) = £964.08 Bills based on multiple domestic consumption values are published in tables 2.2.5 and 2.3.5 (for electricity and gas respectively). These present bills based on average household consumption for the calendar year and temperature adjusted consumption, using annual consumption estimates from the UK Energy Trends publication. These tables also present bills deflated by the GDP deflator in real terms, to allow for year-on-year comparisons to be made which account for inflation. Bills based on average actual household gas and standard electricity consumption (temperature adjusted) have decreased by 5.9% or £112, in real terms, between 2024 and 2025, reflecting decreases in both prices and average gas consumption. Fixed and variable tariffs A variable tariff is a tariff that is subject to change at any point in time and is limited by the price cap set by Ofgem. A fixed tariff is one where the price has been set at a constant rate for a defined period. The proportions of customers on fixed tariffs are taken directly from data supplied by Ofgem. For the average annual bills estimates, we determine whether tariffs are fixed or variable based on the attributes of tariff names provided by energy companies. We are continually reviewing our methodology, but these are currently classed as official statistics in development and are not yet as robust as the data presented elsewhere in the release. We are intending to change this classification but will require a change to the data collection to include better information on fixed tariffs when companies submit their data. 9 Chart 2.3: Proportion of customers on fixed tariffs for both standard electricity and gas since quarter 4 of 2020 Reference and link to tables: Table 2.4.2: Regional variation of payment method for standard electricity Table 2.5.2: Regional variation of payment method for gas During 2022 and 2023, there were fewer fixed tariffs offered by suppliers, reflecting market conditions at that time. Since Q4 2023, the proportion of customers on fixed term contracts has been gradually increasing. There has since been an increase in customers on fixed tariffs; at the end of December 2025, 38% of all standard electricity and 40% of all gas customers were on fixed tariffs. Since December 2024, the share of customers on fixed electricity or gas contracts increased by 11 percentage points and 12 percentage points respectively. These are, however, both 6 percentage points lower than the June 2020 peak. Table 3 – Average annual bill estimates, in current prices, by fixed and variable tariff, 2025 Fixed tariffs Variable tariffs All tariffs Standard Electricity £1,024 £1,094 £1,069 Gas £795 £857 £834 Combined £1,819 £1,952 £1,904 For combined bills based on our average consumption levels, fixed tariffs saw a lower average bill than variable tariffs, with a £133 difference in 2025 between the average for households on fixed tariffs and households on variable tariffs. This assumes that for both fuels the household is either fixed or variable and not a combination tariff type. A household with both gas and standard electricity on a fixed tariff saw a 1.8% decrease in their bill in 2025 compared to 2024, whilst the equivalent for variable tariffs was broadly unchanged (0.2% increase) over the same period. 10 Payment methods We track the three main payment methods consumers use to pay for their domestic energy bills: prepayment, credit and direct debit. Prepayment ‘p u ’ h wh u p up w h u w this balance. Credit is where households pay for their electricity or gas after they use it, upon receipt of a bill. Direct Debit is a recurring payment based on an estimated usage which is revised based on actual usage. Chart 2.4: Proportion of households by payment type, between December 2020 and December 2025 Reference and links to tables: Table 2.4.2: Regional variation of payment method for standard electricity Table 2.5.2: Regional variation of payment method for gas At the end of December 2025, most Standard Electricity and Gas customers in the United Kingdom (UK) were paying their bills via Direct Debit. Comparing proportions over the last five years, there has been a shift by households to Direct Debit of 3 percentage points for both standard electricity and gas. Chart 2.5: Average annual bills on each payment type, 2025 Reference and link to tables: Table 2.2.1: Average annual domestic electricity bills by payment type Table 2.3.1: Average annual domestic gas bills by payment type 11 Table 4 – Average annual bills, in current prices, by payment method, 2025 Credit Direct Debit Prepayment Overall Standard Electricity £1,125 £1,059 £1,056 £1,069 Gas £890 £823 £828 £834 Combined £2,015 £1,883 £1,884 £1,904 For combined bills, based on our consumption levels4, credit remained the most expensive method of payment at £2,015 (a decrease, in current prices terms, of 0.3% or £5 since 2024). Direct Debit was the cheapest for combined bills in 2025, a switch from prepayment in 2024, at £1,883 (a decrease of 1.9% or £37 since 2024). Average prices paid on Direct Debit (assuming both fuels are paid for by this method) were similar to those on prepayment in 2025. Average prices paid on Direct Debit (assuming both fuels are paid for by this method) were £132 cheaper than those on Credit in 2025. Prepayment, with a combined bill of £1,884, was similar to Direct Debit but cheaper than credit, and increased by 0.7% or £13 compared to 2024. Economy 7 and Other Time of Use Tariffs Average Annual Bills Economy 7: electricity tariffs which have a separate unit cost for the night and day and are designed for use with night storage heaters. Other time of use tariffs: electricity tariffs which have separate unit costs for different times of the day and night to correspond with high and low demand periods. Note that there can be multiple unit rates across the day and night. Some customers have time of use meters for electricity instead of a standard electricity meter on fixed or variable tariffs. Data for the proportion of customers on Economy 7 tariffs can be found in Tables 2.4.1 – 2.4.3 and data on the bills for these customers can be found in Tables 2.2.1 – 2.2.5. Transfer Statistics The Office for Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem) provides the Department with the number of domestic customers in Great Britain that have switched supplier, for both electricity and gas. More information on the retail market can be found on Of ’ k p . Please note: the number of customers switching supplier shown in the graph is based on the number of meter points one supplier gains from another after a customer changes their supplier. Therefore, this number does not include either internal switches among “white labels” or brands associated with the same supplier; nor customer transfers resulting from corporate changes, company mergers, or “ upp of last resort” events. 4 11,200kWh for gas and 3,400kWh for electricity. 12 Chart 2.6: Domestic gas and electricity transfers over the past ten years5 Source: Ofgem Reference and link to tables: Table 2.7.1: Transfer statistics in the domestic gas and electricity markets There were an estimated 857,000 electricity transfers and 662,000 gas transfers in quarter 4 2025. These quarterly transfers represent around 2.8% and 2.7% of the domestic market for electricity and gas customers respectively. Compared with last quarter (quarter 3 2025) there has been a continued uptick in transfers; electricity transfers are up by 36,000 (4.4%), and gas transfers are up by 26,000 (4.1%). When compared with quarter 4 the previous year (2024) transfers have also increased, electricity transfers are up by 74,000 transfers (9.5%) and gas transfers are up 51,000 transfers (8.3%) over this period. The large drop in transfers between quarter 4 2021 and most of 2022 followed an increase in wholesale gas prices and other market shocks which led to variable tariffs across the market being increasingly charged closer to or at the Ofgem price cap level and later the Energy Price Guarantee. This led to fewer competitive fixed tariffs offered at the time, given the uncertainty on price in the market. 5 Since April 2016 data supplied has included additional filtering to remove non-domestic customers. This data is sourced from network operators and filtered by the active suppliers in the market, who to the best of Ofgem's knowledge are operating in the domestic and non-domestic segments of the energy market. For this reason, the data supplied from April 2016 onwards may be more accurate but lower than levels before this time. 13 Non-Domestic Market Prices Electricity and gas prices for the non-domestic sector This section presents electricity and gas prices data in the non-domestic sector, which excludes prices paid by households and generally comprises the industrial sector (for example manufacturing or energy) and the commercial sector (for example services or retail). Many businesses are on fixed price contracts which are negotiated and renewed at different points in time and therefore increases in wholesale prices and changes in the energy market will impact on non-domestic customers in different and less even or consistent ways. Data on prices of fuels purchased by non-domestic consumers by different size bands can be found in tables 3.4.1 and 3.4.2. The Climate Change Levy (CCL) is an energy tax payable on supplies of electricity, gas, liquified petroleum gas and solid fuels to businesses and public sector organisations which aims to increase energy efficiency. The levy is intended to be a price signal for businesses to improve their energy efficiency. Energy Bill Relief Scheme and Energy Bills Discount Scheme The Energy Bill Relief Scheme (EBRS) was announced in September 2022 and was set out to provide discounts to non-domestic customers between 1 October 2022 and 31 March 2023. The impact of this is reflected in the data relating to quarter 4 2022 and quarter 1 2023 in this release, and, to some extent, the annual total for 2022. In January 2023, the Energy Bills Discount Scheme (EBDS) was announced. This scheme provides support to UK non-domestic consumers for the period 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2024. The scale of the discount customers receive under the schemes is dependent on their individual contracts so impacts vary customer to customer. Energy prices in the manufacturing sector Manufacturing is a subset of industry that use fuels in the manufacturing process and includes companies that produce derivatives of the fuels. Prices of fuels in the manufacturing sector, excluding CCL, for various size bands of consumers are presented in tables 3.1.1 to 3.1.4. The fuels used in the manufacturing sector are mainly heavy fuel oil, gas oil, electricity and gas, though coal is also used. Heavy Fuel Oil, a derivative from the oil refining process is used for heating and to fuel furnaces and boilers in industrial plants. It is very viscous and requires to be kept at a high temperature and pre- heating before use. Gas Oil (sometimes referred to as Red Diesel for agricultural uses) is a more refined product than Heavy Fuel Oil. It is also used as a fuel for heating, in off-road vehicles like tractors, and machinery in the construction and agricultural sectors. 14 Chart 3.1: Average quarterly prices of fuels purchased by the manufacturing industry since Q4 2020 References and link to tables: Table 3.1.1: Quarterly prices of fuels purchased by manufacturing industry (original units) Table 3.1.2: Quarterly prices of fuels purchased by manufacturing industry (p/kWh) Table 3.1.3: Annual prices of fuels purchased by manufacturing industry (original units) Table 3.1.4: Annual prices of fuels purchased by manufacturing industry (p/kWh) Prices for quarter 4 of 2025 from this data are a provisional estimate and are subject to revision in the next release of Quarterly Energy Prices. Between quarter 4 2025 and the same period in 2024, the average price paid by electricity consumers in the manufacturing industry, in cash terms excluding CCL, decreased by 7.9% or 1.4 pence per kWh to an average of 16.8 pence per kWh. Compared to the previous year, the average price in quarter 4 2025 in cash terms excluding CCL for gas consumers in the manufacturing industry decreased by 11.6% or 0.5 pence per kWh. Decreasing from 4 pence per kWh in quarter 4 2024 to 3.5 pence per kWh in quarter 4 2025. Also, over the same period, the average price in cash terms excluding CCL paid for gas oil in the manufacturing industry decreased by 1.8% or 0.2 pence per kWh to an average of 8.3 pence per kWh in October to December 2025. Between quarter 4 2025 and the same period in 2024, the average price of heavy fuel oil, in cash terms excluding CCL in the manufacturing industry, has decreased by 4.1% or 0.4 pence per kWh. Prices of fuels in the manufacturing sector split by size bands of consumers are presented in tables 3.1.1 to 3.1.4. For reference, the various bands of consumers for manufacturing firms classified by the amount of fuel purchased in a year are shown in the table below: Small Medium Large6 Extra Large Heavy Fuel Oil (tonnes) < 490 490 – 4,900 > 4,900 Electricity (MWh) < 880 880 – 8,800 8,800 – 150,000 >150,000 Gas (MWh) < 1,500 1,500 – 8,800 > 8,800 6 ‘M ’ f . 15 Average prices of fuels purchased by the major UK power producers Major Power Producers are companies that use fuels such as natural gas and coal to produce electricity. Average purchase costs of fuels (presented in common units) used to generate electricity are recorded in table 3.2.1. Please note: These figures present the fuel input costs, however comparing the different input costs between fuels does not explain the full costs involved in generation. Total generation costs are also affected by other costs, including transportation and the efficiency with which fuels are converted into electricity in different types of power station. Chart 3.2: Price paid by UK power producers for coal and natural gas, quarterly Reference and link to tables: Table 3.2.1: Average price of fuels purchased by the major UK power producers The price of natural gas used for generation in quarter 4 2025 was 3.1 pence per kWh. This is a 13.5% decrease on the same quarter in the previous year and an increase of 7.1% on the previous quarter’ p . For quarter 3 2025 the price of coal was not available as no purchases of coal were recorded in our survey. As of publication, there are no more coal fired power stations remaining in service. Ratcliffe-on- h UK’ last coal power station, closed in September 2024. Therefore, there has been no recording of sales in our survey since quarter 2 2024. 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 Q3 2020 Q4 2020 Q1 2021 Q2 2021 Q3 2021 Q4 2021 Q1 2022 Q2 2022 Q3 2022 Q4 2022 Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Q1 2025 Q2 2025 Q3 2025 Q4 2025 Pence per kWh Gas Coal 16 Oil and petroleum product prices This section presents information on oil and petroleum product prices paid in the United Kingdom. The petroleum products referred to in this section are unleaded petrol and diesel. The accompanying tables (4.1.1 – 4.1.3) also include data on standard grade burning oil and gas oil. Diesel and unleaded petrol are referred to as road fuels. Together these account for the majority of fuels used in the transport sector with aviation fuel, biofuels and some gas oil making up the remainder. This section f u h ‘f u ’ ‘pu p’ p f u p . O h f products are presented as their average wholesale prices. All underlying petroleum and oil data and other related publications can be found on GOV.UK here: gov.uk/government/collections/road-fuel-and-other-petroleum-product-prices In addition to the summary in this publication, average road fuel prices are also published in the weekly road fuel prices publication and are available at: gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/oil-and-petroleum-products-weekly-statistics As these are published more frequently than the tables presented in this release, these weekly tables will include different prices at a more recent time point than those presented in this section. Also, official statistics in development on average weekly road fuels sales and stock levels at forecourts are available at gov.uk/government/statistics/oil-and-oil-products-section-3-energy-trends Crude oil prices Crude oil prices are affected by a wide range of factors. Market pressures such as oil shortages (1973 & 2011- 12), over-supply coinciding with weakened demand (1998 & 2014-15) and global recessions (2008-09) can all impact global oil prices. Wider geopolitical challenges such as natural disasters (2005 hurricane season), pandemics (Coronavirus pandemic and recovery 2020 onwards) and periods of international hostility (Russia-Ukraine conflict 2022 onwards and Middle East tensions 2008 onwards) can also influence price changes. The variety of factors illustrates the complex web impacting global oil prices. Fluctuations in crude oil prices affect the prices of various refined petroleum products, and as a result often impact domestic and industrial fuels. Crude Oil: Refers to the raw material processed at refineries to produce various petroleum products. They vary in colour, composition, and consistency. The economic value of crude oil increases as its API gravity (a measure of its density) increases and its sulphur content decreases. The prices in this release are taken from x “ k ” f h u p u p h used as an input, along with other fuel prices, for the Producer Prices Index (produced by ONS). 17 Chart 4.1: Monthly index of crude oil prices acquired at refineries The index represents the monthly average price paid by refineries, calculated in pound Sterling on a cost, insurance, freight (CIF) basis. Reference and link to tables: Table 4.1.1: Typical monthly retail prices of petroleum products and a crude oil index Chart 4.1 shows the price indices of crude oil acquired by UK refineries over the past seven years. From March 2020, demand was affected by the Coronavirus pandemic which initially drove prices down to a low in April 2020. Prices rose throughout 2021, with a sharp uptick in early 2022 reflecting geopolitical events such as sanctions following the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The reliance on Russian oil within the oil markets was highlighted in 20227, with crude oil prices increasing 45% between January and March 2022. The latest available crude oil price index is for February 2026. This is an average for the whole month and will reflect data collected on prices prior to the start of the Middle East conflict, which began on 28th February 2026. Crude oil prices for February 2026 have increased compared to three months ago by 3.1%, although, over the course of 2025, prices decreased by 16.8%. Retail prices of petroleum products Pump prices reflect a range of factors including the wholesale price of crude oil, delivery and distribution costs, duty, VAT, environmental levies and retail margins. ULSP: Ultra Low Sulphur Petrol. This is the specific grade of petrol that is commonly used on forecourts across the UK. It is the standard of petrol referred to as ‘u p ’ h . ULSD: Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel. This is the grade of diesel product used on forecourts in the UK. DERV or Diesel-Engine Road Vehicles also refers to this grade of diesel. It is the standard of petrol referred to as ‘diesel’ h . 7 Information on UK sanctions on Russian oil is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-ban-on-russian-oil-and-oil- products/uk-ban-on-russian-oil-and-oil-products 18 Monthly road fuel prices are collected at the mid-month point. Average road fuel prices are also published in the weekly road fuel prices publication. As these are published more frequently, these weekly tables will include different prices at a more recent time point than those presented in this section. Chart 4.2: Average retail prices of road fuels, monthly Reference and link to tables: Table 4.1.1: Typical monthly retail prices of petroleum products and a crude oil index Chart 4.2 shows the change in petrol (ULSP) and diesel (ULSD) prices since March 2019. In mid-March 2026, a litre of petrol (ULSP) was on average 140.5 pence per litre. This was 2.1% higher than the same period in 2025. Petrol prices reached a peak in mid-July 2022 of 188.8 pence per litre; most recent prices are 25.6% lower than the peak. The diesel (ULSD) price was 158.9 pence per litre in mid-March 2026. This was a 9.6% increase from the same period in 2025. Additionally, this is 19.5% lower than the peak of 197.4 pence per litre in mid-July 2022. The gap between petrol and diesel price was the greatest in November 2022, where diesel was 24.3 pence per litre more expensive than unleaded. The price gap shrunk to a minimum by July 2023, where the differential was just 1.8 pence per litre. At mid-March 2026 the price difference between petrol and diesel was at 18.4 pence per litre, compared to annual average price difference of 7.5 pence per litre in 2025. Duty for road fuels from 23 March 2011 to 22 March 2022 was set at 57.95 pence per litre. From 23 March 2022, duty was reduced to 52.95 pence per litre, initially as a one-year temporary measure which has since been extended8 by the government. Fuel Duty: Fuel duty is a duty payable on petrol, diesel and other fuels used in vehicles, for heating and other uses, such as non-road mobile machinery (this excludes gas, electricity, and solid fuels such as coal which are subject to climate change levy instead). Basic Price: Includes wholesale fuel price, delivery & distribution costs and retail margin but excludes tax and duty. VAT (Value Added Tax): VAT is a tax added to most products and services sold by VAT-registered businesses. For retail fuel, it is charged at 20% of the basic price plus the duty rate. 8 Details of March 2022 duty changes can be found at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-fuel-duty-rates 19 Chart 4.4: Component price of unleaded petrol; March 2025, and March 2026 March 2025 March 2026 Reference and link to tables: Table 4.1.1: Typical monthly retail prices of petroleum products and a crude oil index In March 2026 duty made up 38% of the total price, the same as in March 2025. Chart 4.4 shows the components of the retail price of petrol in March 2025 and 2026. In March 2026, the basic price of petrol (which includes wholesale fuel price, delivery & distribution costs and retail margin but excludes tax and duty) was 64.1 pence per litre, duty was at 52.95 pence per litre, and VAT was 23.41 pence per litre. The basic price made up 46% of the total price in March 2026, up slightly from 45% in the previous year. Comparisons of the UK petrol and diesel prices with other countries, including the relative proportions of basic price to taxes and levies, can be found in the International Price Comparisons section below. 20 International Price Comparisons This section compares prices data for the United Kingdom with the European Union (and the International Energy Association (IEA) in the September issue). This issue includes road fuel price comparisons with prices paid in the European Union. Comparisons for domestic and non-domestic electricity and gas prices with the European Union will be published in the June release. All the underlying international comparisons data and related publications can be found on GOV.UK here: www.gov.uk/government/collections/international-energy-price-comparisons Data from other countries are used in this report to make consistent comparisons to highlight relative competitiveness. International prices vary due to many reasons including differences in indigenous resources and market structures, global issues, varying exchange rates and inflation rates. Unleaded petrol and diesel prices In February 2026 the average UK unleaded petrol price including tax and duty was the fifth cheapest in the EU14 plus UK group, at 131.4 pence per litre. When presented in a common currency basis, the lowest price for unleaded across the EU14+UK was in Sweden, at 123.7 pence per litre; while the highest price was in the Netherlands, at 177.4 pence per litre. In February 2026 the average UK diesel price including tax and duty was the seventh cheapest in the EU14 plus UK group, at 141.2 pence per litre. The lowest price for diesel across the EU14+UK was in Spain, at 123.2 pence per litre; while the highest was in Finland, at 166.9 pence per litre. As these prices are averages taken mid-month, these will reflect data collected on prices prior to the start of the Middle East conflict which began at the very end of this reporting month. Charts 5.1 & 5.2: Premium unleaded petrol prices and diesel prices, February 2026 Source: European Commission Oil Bulletin Reference and link to tables: Table 5.1.1 and 5.2.1: Premium unleaded petrol prices in the EU 21 Timetable and data tables Update timetable Below are the update timetables for the four key areas covered in the Quarterly Energy Prices release. These underlying tables are published at various times of the year and sometimes outside of a quarterly Accredited Official Statistics publication (which are published March, June, September and December each year). Domestic tables Tables for the domestic energy prices area: Non-domestic tables Tables for the non-domestic energy prices area: 22 Fuel Tables Tables for the road fuel prices area: International Tables Tables for the international energy price comparisons area: Key: The colours on the timetable indicate the frequency and status of the data series: Annual Biannual Quarterly Monthly R Scheduled Revision FY Financial Year Data Topic Area Freq. No. Name Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Monthly 4.1.1 Typical retail prices of petroleum products and a crude oil price index - - - - - - - - - - - - Annual 4.1.2 Average annual retail prices of petroleum products and a crude oil price index - - - - - - - - - - - - Annual 4.1.3 January prices of road fuels and petroleum products - - - - - - - - - - - - Fuel Prices Road Fuels and Petroleum Products 23 Technical information Information in this publication is sourced from various surveys of the energy industry conducted by the Energy Prices team in the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. • The domestic bills information is collected as part of the Domestic Fuels Inquiry which surveys key energy suppliers to provide a representative sample of the market. • Non-domestic data are sourced from the Quarterly Fuels Inquiry return, run by ONS on behalf of the Department and several other surveys run by the Energy Prices team including the Price Transparency survey, collections related to the Producer Price Index deliverable to ONS and the Generator’s Query collection. • International comparisons data are sourced from the International Energy Association and European Union and include UK data collected by the Energy Prices team using the same definitions and standards through the Price Transparency survey. • Fuel prices are sourced from data from weekly and monthly surveys of petrol prices collected by the Energy Price team. • Data across all subject areas are also sourced from and corroborated with data from Ofgem, the ONS and other Department for Energy Security and Net Zero surveys. Data presented in the tables are in cash terms unless noted otherwise. Real terms data are those from which the effects of inflation, as measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) market prices deflator, have been removed. The GDP deflator provides an index of inflation for the whole economy and is applicable to domestic and industrial prices. Further information on the data sources, processing methods, uses of and quality assurance of the data can be found in the associated Methodology documents: Domestic energy prices: data sources and methodologies Industrial price statistics: data sources and methodologies International comparisons: data sources and methodologies Road fuel price statistics: data sources and methodologies From March 2025, bills data have been presented with fixed annual consumption levels of 11,200 kWh for gas and 3,400 kWh for standard electricity (4,800 kWh for Economy 7 electricity) to allow comparisons over time of actual price changes, keeping change in consumption constant. These consumption levels were calculated using the same methodology as previously used in 2014. This takes weather adjusted consumption data for the United Kingdom from the Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) and calculates an average from this using customer numbers from the Energy Consumption in the UK (ECUK) publication. Revisions policy The D p ’ statistical revisions policy sets out the revisions policy for these statistics, which has been developed in accordance with the UK Statistics Authority Code of Practice for Statistics. 24 Related publications Energy Trends Energy Trends contains quarterly data on production and consumption of overall energy and of the individual fuels in the United Kingdom. Also includes data on foreign trade in fuels. www.gov.uk/government/collections/energy-trends Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) DUKES contains annual data on production and consumption of overall energy and of the individual fuels in the United Kingdom. Also includes a commentary covering all the major aspects of energy and gives a comprehensive picture of energy production and use over the last five years with key series taken back to 1970. www.gov.uk/government/collections/digest-of-uk-energy-statistics-dukes UK Energy in Brief An annual publication summarising the latest statistics on energy production, consumption and prices in the United Kingdom. The figures are taken from the ‘Digest of UK Energy Statistics’. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-energy-in-brief Fuel Poverty Statistics An annual publication outlining the number of households living in fuel poverty in England, with additional analysis of the composition of the fuel poor group and future projections of the number of households in fuel poverty. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/fuel-poverty-statistics Sub-National Energy Consumption Statistics Sub-National data are produced by the Department to emphasise the importance of local and regional decision making for energy policy in delivering several national energy policy objectives. Data is available here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/total-final-energy-consumption-at-sub-national-level National Energy Efficiency Data-framework (NEED) The Department has constructed a National Energy Efficiency Data-framework (NEED) to enable detailed statistical analysis of energy efficiency. The data framework matches the gas and electricity consumption data collected for sub-national energy consumption statistics and records of energy efficiency measures in the Home Energy Efficiency Database (HEED) run by the Energy Saving Trust (EST), as well as typographic data about dwellings and households. www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-energy-efficiency-data-need-framework Household Energy Efficiency The Department publishes a range of information relating to the Energy Company Obligation (ECO) and Green Deal (GD). The headline release presents monthly updates of ECO measures and quarterly updates of in-depth ECO statistics, carbon savings and the Green Deal schemes. The detailed report presents annual updates on in-depth Green Deal statistics and insulation levels. Data is available at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/household-energy-efficiency-national-statistics UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics Emissions data are produced by the Department h w p h UK’ h and domestic, for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-statistics 25 UK Energy and CO2 emissions projections The Energy and Emissions Projections (EEP) are published annually by the Department. They provide updated projections and analysis of energy use and carbon dioxide emissions in the UK. The EEP exercise incorporates all firm environmental policy measures and is based on updated assumptions consistent with the most recent UK Budget announcements. The latest report is available at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/energy-and- emissions-projections Policy publications The policies that the Department works on and the associated documentation can be found on the GOV.UK site here. The energy statistics section is here: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-energy-security-and-net-zero/about/statistics 26 Further information Uses of these statistics The data associated with this release is used in internal analysis to help form policy decisions and is also used by industry and the academic community to monitor trends in the prices market. The department has an obligation to provide processed data to the International Energy Association (IEA). The data within and associated with this publication are also used to answer Parliamentary questions and Freedom of Information requests. User engagement Users are encouraged to provide comments and feedback on how these statistics are used and how well they meet their needs. Comments on any issues relating to this statistical release are welcomed, please direct any suggestions about changes to the content or scope of this publication to the energyprices.stats@energysecurity.gov.uk mailbox. The statement on statistical public engagement and data standards sets out the D p ’ on public engagement and data standards as outlined by the Code of Practice for Statistics. Accredited Official Statistics designation Accredited Official Statistics status means that our statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value, and it is our responsibility to maintain compliance with these standards. Information in this release undergoes the level of quality checks expected of an Accredited Official Statistics release. The full detail of the measures we take are outlined in the associated methodology documents. The continued designation of these statistics as Accredited Official Statistics was confirmed in September 2018 following a compliance check by the Office for Statistics Regulation. The statistics last underwent a full assessment against the Code of Practice for Statistics in June 2014. Pre-release access to statistics Some ministers and officials receive access to some key figures within these statistics up to 24 hours before release. Details of the arrangements for doing this and a list of the ministers and officials that receive pre-release access to these statistics can be found in the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero statement of compliance with the Pre-Release Access to Official Statistics Order 2008. 27 Contact Quarterly Energy Prices is prepared by the Energy Prices team in the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. Tel: 020 7215 1445 Email: energyprices.stats@energysecurity.gov.uk The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero media enquiries desk can be reached on 020 7215 1000 or newsdesk@energysecurity.gov.uk. More information on h p ’ energy publications are available on the GOV.UK page here: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-energy-security-and-net-zero/about/statistics 28 © Crown copyright 2026 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. Where we have identified any third-party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/quarterly-energy-prices If you need a version of this document in a more accessible format, please email energy.stats@energysecurity.gov.uk Please tell us what format you need. It will help us if you say what assistive technology you use.